Rijeka (within local Croatian idiom Rika & Reka; Fiume around Italian and Hungarian, Reka in Slovene; Sankt Veit am Flaum in older German; R(ij)eka & Fiume each mean flow of any stream) is the primary harbour of Croatia, located in Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea. It has 144,043 dweller (2001) & is Croatia's third big city. A majority of its citizens come Croats using Fourscore.39% (2001 nose count).

Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. A city's economy largely depends in sea transportation, shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and tourism.

Rijeka hosts a Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1632. A local football (soccer) club is called NK Rijeka.

History
Though traces of Neolithic settlements may be obtained in a vicinity, the earliest settlements on the places were Celtic Tarsatica (modern Trsat, now sectiin of Rijeka) on a hill & a Illyrian tribe of old salt, the Liburni in the natural harbor below. A city yearn retained this double character.

In a period of Augustus, the Romans refounded Tarsatica as a municipium (MacMullen 2000) on the right bank of the Rijecina, (whose title just means "river") when Flumen. Pliny mentioned Tarsatica (Natural History terzetto.140). Fallowing a 4th century a city wwhen rededicated as Flumen Sancti Viti, the city's patron saint. From either a 5th century forward, a town come under serial Frankish, Croatian and Magyar rule before coming under a control of the Austrian Habsburgs in 1466 [http://www.gotocroatia.com/engels/cities/rijeka_history.asp].

Created the free port in 1723, Fiume was passed during a Eighteenth & Nineteenth centuries among a Habsburgs' Austrian, Croatian, & Hungarian possessions until its attachment to the latter kingdom for the third & previous instance inside 1870. Although Croatia got a constitutional autonomy in Hungary, the City of Fiume wwhen independent, governed directly from either Budapest by an appointive governor, as Hungary's lone international port. There was competition between Austria's Port of Trieste and Hungary's Port of Fiume.

Major larboard development, a general expansion of international trade & a city's connection (1873) to the Hungarian and Austrian railway networks contributed to rapid people incubation from either 21,000 within 1880 to 50,00Inside 1910. Very much of major building of a city was built at that period, including the Governor's Palace per Hungarian designer Alajos Hauszmann. A first city manager of New York City, Fiorello La Guardia, lived in a city at the turn of the 20th century, & reportedly potentially played football for the local sports club.

Habsburg-ruled Austria-Hungary's defeat & disintegration in the closing weeks of World War I led to the establishment of rival Italian and Croatian administrations in the city when each Italy and the founders of the freshly Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) claimed sovereignty according to their "irredentist" ("unredeemed") ethnic populations.

Fallowing the brief Italian occupation, an international click of French, British and United States troops occupied the city (November 1918) while its new was discussed at a Paris Peace Conference during the course of 1919.

Italy depending her claim on a fact that Italians were a big only nationality inside the city. Croats manufactured higher virtually all of a remainder, & were as well the majority in the encompassing region, including the neighboring town of Sušak. Negotiations were impolitely interrupted per city's seizure in September 12, 1919 by a click of Italian nationalistic irregulars led per writer Gabriele d'Annunzio, who established a state (the "Italian Regency of Carnaro"). This happened upright 2 years when a Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed that declared the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy dissolved.

A recommencement of Italy's premiership per Liberal Giovanni Giolitti in June 1920 signallefive hundred a hardening of official attitudes to d'Annunzio's coup. In November 12, Italy and Yugoslavia concluded a Treaty of Rapallo, under which Fiume was to be an independent state under the regime acceptable to two.

500'Annunzio's response was characteristically flamboyant & of doubtful judgment: his declaration of war against Italy invited a bombardment by Italian royal forces which led to his surrender of a city at the prevent of the season. Italian troops took on top around January 1921. A election of an autonomist-led constituent assembly for the territory did not put an prevent to strife: the brief Italian nationalistic seizure of power was ended per intervention of an Italian royal commissioner, & the short-fugacious local Fascistic takeover inside March 1922 ended in the third Italian military occupation. Seven months late Italy herself fell under Fascistic rule.

a period of diplomatic thorniness closed by owning the Treaty of Rome (January 27, 1924), which assigned Fiume to Italy and Sušak to Yugoslavia, by owning joint larboard administration. Formal Italian annexation (March 16, 1924) inaugurated twenty years of Fascist rule & the policy of forced Italianisation of the Croatian people, followed by twenty months of German military occupation.

A aftermath of World War II saw the city's fate over again resolved by the combination of inflict & diplomacy. This instance, Yugoslav troops advanced (early Can 1945) when far west as Trieste in their campaign against a German occupiers of two countries: Fiume eventually became the Croatian (& until June 1991, Yugoslav) city of Rijeka, a situation formalised per Paris peace treaty between Italy and a wartime Allies in February 10, 1947. It used to be that a vary around soveregnty was formalised, virtually all of the Italian-speaking minority fled the Tito's communist regime & went into exile (Esuli). the discrimination virtually all of a babies had & a persecution several of a babies suffered at the paws of the freshly Yugoslav authorities in the anxious times of Globe War Two and the number 1 weeks of peace were a painful memory for the babies. Summary executions of hundreds of suspected 'Fascists', Italian public servants, military & average citizens pushed Fiume's Italians to abandon their hereditary personal.

Understand as well: Constitution of Fiume Governors and Heads of State of Fiume Postage stamps and postal history of Fiume